Peripheral arterial occlusion due to COVID-19: CT angiography findings of nine patients.

BACKGROUND: Reports have indicated an association of large vessel peripheral arterial occlusion in the setting of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). While prior investigations have mostly focused on venous or cerebral arterial occlusions, we examined patients presenting exclusively with peripheral arterial extremity occlusions to investigate for any predisposing factors in this subset of COVID-19 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study of COVID-19 patients with peripheral arterial occlusions presenting to a multi-hospital health care system in New York City between February 1st, 2020 and April 30th, 2020. Patient data and computed tomography angiography (CTA) exams in this subset were then collected and analyzed. RESULTS: For the months of February, March, and April 2020, we identified 9 patients (ages 37-93 yrs) at our health care system who underwent extremity CTA for large vessel upper or lower extremity arterial occlusion and were diagnosed with COVID-19. Patient medical histories and clinical parameters were evaluated to identify common risk factors including obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. Patients presented with increased inflammatory markers including ferritin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) as well as increased D-dimer. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest patients with COVID-19 and comorbidities presenting with elevated inflammatory markers and D-dimer may be at increased risk of large vessel peripheral arterial occlusion.

Rare presentations of COVID-19: PRES-like leukoencephalopathy and carotid thrombosis.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic, and it is increasingly important that physicians recognize and understand its atypical presentations. Neurological symptoms such as anosmia, altered mental status, headache, and myalgias may arise due to direct injury to the nervous system or by indirectly precipitating coagulopathies. We present the first COVID-19 related cases of carotid artery thrombosis and acute PRES-like leukoencephalopathy with multifocal hemorrhage.